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Table 2 Risk factors for miscarriage and stillbirth among a cohort of 1229 HIV-infected women a

From: Pregnancy loss and role of infant HIV status on perinatal mortality among HIV-infected women

 

Ratio of miscarriages/Live births (per 100)

Relative risk (95% CI)

Ratio of stillbirths/Live births (per 100)

Relative risk (95% CI)

Maternal Health Factors

    

CD4 cells/mm 3

    

<350

24/652 (3.7)

2.20 (1.03–4.69)

19/647 (2.9)

1.44 (0.69–3.00)

≥350

9/538 (1.7)

 

11/540 (2.0)

 

Hemoglobin, g/dl

    

<10

12/352 (3.4)

1.34 (0.67–2.70)

7/347 (2.0)

0.73 (0.31–1.68)

≥10

21/826 (2.5)

 

23/828 (2.8)

 

Plasma viral load, copies/ml

    

≥50,000

19/540 (3.5)

1.62 (0.82–3.20)

19/540 (3.5)

2.05 (0.99–4.28)

<50,000

14/645 (2.2)

 

11/642 (1.7)

 

Clinical stage

    

Symptomatic

13/459 (2.8)

0.91 (0.47–1.78)

20/466 (4.3)

3.12 (1.47–6.61)

Asymptomatic

23/740 (3.1)

 

10/727 (1.4)

 

Socioeconomic and Clinical Factors

    

Age, year

    

<20

3/117 (2.6)

0.89 (0.27–2.90)

5/119 (4.2)

1.73 (0.66–4.49)

20-30

25/867 (2.9)

1.0

21/863 (2.4)

1.0

>30

8/215 (3.7)

1.29 (0.59–2.82)

4/211 (1.9)

0.78 (0.27–2.25)

Education

    

Some (0-8th grade)

26/755 (3.4)

1.53 (0.74–3.14)

22/751 (2.9)

1.62 (0.73–3.60)

HS grade (≥ 9th grade)

10/444 (2.3)

 

8/442 (1.8)

 

Electricity

    

No

22/718 (3.1)

1.05 (0.54–2.04)

20/716 (2.8)

1.33 (0.63–2.82)

Yes

14/481 (2.9)

 

10/477 (2.1)

 

Previous pregnancy

    

No

7/169 (4.1)

1.47 (0.66–3.30)

8/170 (4.7)

2.19 (0.99–4.83)

Yes

29/1030 (2.8)

 

22/1023 (2.2)

 

Previous miscarriages

    

Yes

7/111 (6.3)

2.37 (1.06–5.28)

5/109 (4.6)

1.99 (0.78–5.09)

No

29/1059 (2.7)

 

25/1084 (2.3)

 

Previous stillbirths

    

Yes

2/70 (2.9)

0.95 (0.23–3.87)

1/69 (1.5)

0.56 (0.08–4.06)

No

34/1129 (3.0)

 

29/1124 (2.6)

 

Rapid plasma reagin test

    

Positive

5/193 (2.6)

0.89 (0.35–2.29)

8/196 (4.1)

1.72 (0.78–3.81)

Negative

27/932 (2.9)

 

22/927 (2.4)

 
  1. a All analyses are unadjusted.