From: Pregnancy loss and role of infant HIV status on perinatal mortality among HIV-infected women
 | Ratio of miscarriages/Live births (per 100) | Relative risk (95% CI) | Ratio of stillbirths/Live births (per 100) | Relative risk (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Health Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CD4 cells/mm 3 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<350 | 24/652 (3.7) | 2.20 (1.03–4.69) | 19/647 (2.9) | 1.44 (0.69–3.00) |
≥350 | 9/538 (1.7) |  | 11/540 (2.0) |  |
Hemoglobin, g/dl | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<10 | 12/352 (3.4) | 1.34 (0.67–2.70) | 7/347 (2.0) | 0.73 (0.31–1.68) |
≥10 | 21/826 (2.5) |  | 23/828 (2.8) |  |
Plasma viral load, copies/ml | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≥50,000 | 19/540 (3.5) | 1.62 (0.82–3.20) | 19/540 (3.5) | 2.05 (0.99–4.28) |
<50,000 | 14/645 (2.2) | Â | 11/642 (1.7) | Â |
Clinical stage | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Symptomatic | 13/459 (2.8) | 0.91 (0.47–1.78) | 20/466 (4.3) | 3.12 (1.47–6.61) |
Asymptomatic | 23/740 (3.1) | Â | 10/727 (1.4) | Â |
Socioeconomic and Clinical Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, year | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<20 | 3/117 (2.6) | 0.89 (0.27–2.90) | 5/119 (4.2) | 1.73 (0.66–4.49) |
20-30 | 25/867 (2.9) | 1.0 | 21/863 (2.4) | 1.0 |
>30 | 8/215 (3.7) | 1.29 (0.59–2.82) | 4/211 (1.9) | 0.78 (0.27–2.25) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Some (0-8th grade) | 26/755 (3.4) | 1.53 (0.74–3.14) | 22/751 (2.9) | 1.62 (0.73–3.60) |
HS grade (≥ 9th grade) | 10/444 (2.3) |  | 8/442 (1.8) |  |
Electricity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 22/718 (3.1) | 1.05 (0.54–2.04) | 20/716 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.63–2.82) |
Yes | 14/481 (2.9) | Â | 10/477 (2.1) | Â |
Previous pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 7/169 (4.1) | 1.47 (0.66–3.30) | 8/170 (4.7) | 2.19 (0.99–4.83) |
Yes | 29/1030 (2.8) | Â | 22/1023 (2.2) | Â |
Previous miscarriages | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 7/111 (6.3) | 2.37 (1.06–5.28) | 5/109 (4.6) | 1.99 (0.78–5.09) |
No | 29/1059 (2.7) | Â | 25/1084 (2.3) | Â |
Previous stillbirths | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 2/70 (2.9) | 0.95 (0.23–3.87) | 1/69 (1.5) | 0.56 (0.08–4.06) |
No | 34/1129 (3.0) | Â | 29/1124 (2.6) | Â |
Rapid plasma reagin test | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Positive | 5/193 (2.6) | 0.89 (0.35–2.29) | 8/196 (4.1) | 1.72 (0.78–3.81) |
Negative | 27/932 (2.9) | Â | 22/927 (2.4) | Â |