Parental measures | Abbreviation | Ref | Measurement | Time(s) administered | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory | STAI | â—† | [53] | Mother's anxiety level generally and at the current moment | E1, D, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale | CES-D | â—† | [54] | Mother's depressive symptomology during the past week | E1, D, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Behavioral Inhibition System-Behavioral Approach System | BIS-BAS | â—† | [56] | Mother's aversive and appetitive motivation | E2, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Adult Temperament Questionnaire | ATQ | â—† | [61] | Mother's temperament | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Parenting Stress Index (short version) | PSI | â—† | [57] | Mother's parenting stress | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale | MSES | â—† | [60] | Mother's feelings of effectiveness in parenting | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Adult Attachment Interview | AAI | â—† | [55] | Mother's perception of her intimate relationships | E2 |
INFANT MEASURES | |||||
APGAR Score | APGAR | â—† | [70] | Health of newborn children immediately after birth | 1 and 5 min after birth |
NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale | NNNS | â—† | [62] | Neurobehavioral functioning of infant | 36 & 40 wks PMA |
Early Infancy Temperament Questionnaire | EITQ | â—† | [64] | Infant's temperament | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Brief Infant-Toddler Social & Emotional Assessment | BITSEA | â—† | [66] | Screens for social-emotional problems in infant | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Infant Behavior Questionnaire | IBQ-R | â—† | [65] | Assesses infant's temperament | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Ages and Stages Questionnaire | ASQ | â—† | [68] | Screens for developmental delays in the infant | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
Bayley Scales of Infant Development | BAYLEY-III | â—† | [69] | Assesses infant motor, language, and cognitive development | 18, 24 mo. CA |
Child Behavior Checklist | CBCL | â—† | [67] | Screens for child emotional and behavioral problems | 18, 24 mo. CA |
Preschool Language Scale-5 | PLS-5 | â—† | [78] | Assesses toddler language development | 24 mo. CA |
NURTURE ASSESSMENT MEASURES | |||||
Mom's Support Circle (Additional File 1 ) | â–² | Mother's self-report of family's support system for infant care in the home. | E2, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA | ||
Nurture Time Daily Log | â–² | Mother's self-report of time performing nurturing activities with the infant | Weekly in NICU | ||
Maternal Nurture & Family Support Meeting | â–² | Nurse's assessment of mother's nurturing ability and family support system. | 1x post discharge | ||
Home Nurture Questionnaire | â–² | Mother's self-report of nurture interactions with her infant at home. | 4 mo. CA | ||
Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (revised) | NSSQ | â—† | [59] | Assesses father's social support | 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTION MEASURES | |||||
Hane Behavioral Assessment Video | HANE | â—† | [76] | Coded for quality of maternal caregiving behavior and infant stress reactivity | 36 wks PMA and 4 mo. CA |
Beebe Assessment Video | BB | â—† | [52] | Coded and assessed for attachment and mother-infant attunement. | 4 and 12 mo. CA |
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES | |||||
Electroencephalogram | EEG | [73] | Records brain activity of infant during an hour of sleep | 34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA | |
Electrocardiogram | ECG | [92] | Records heart rhythm of infant during an hour of sleep | 34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA and 4, 12, 24 mo. CA | |
Respiration | [93] | Respiratory rate of infant recorded during an hour of sleep | 34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA | ||
Body Temperature | [94] | Body temperature | 34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA | ||
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES COLLECTED | |||||
Breastmilk | To analyse peptides present in mother's breastmilk | 3x in NICU | |||
Blood | To measure cytokines present in infant's blood | Once in unit. | |||
Cortisol | [95] | From saliva. Assess mother and infant's stress levels | 34§, 36§, 40§ wks PMA and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA | ||
Stool | [96] | 1x/day for 3 wks, 1x/wk for 1 mo., 1x/mo. for 1 year | |||
â—† Standardized Questionnaire | â–² Custom FNI-NICU Questionnaire |