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Table 1 Characteristics and adiposity measurements among 1110 Project Viva participants at ages 6.5-10.9 years 1

From: Correlations among adiposity measures in school-aged children

Variable

N

Normal weight (n=826)

Overweight (n=149)

Obese (n=135)

  

Mean (SD)/%

Mother/Family

    

Smoked during pregnancy

1069

8.8%

7.1%

20.3%

Completed college

1104

71.3%

70.3%

45.9%

Multiparous

1110

51.7%

52.4%

56.3%

Annual household income > $70,000

1006

66.0%

69.3%

42.3%

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

1104

23.8 (4.5)

25.9 (5.2)

28.8 (7.3)

Child

    

Female

1110

49.5%

54.4%

48.2%

Race/ethnicity

1108

   

  Asian

 

4.0%

3.4%

0.0%

  Black

 

13.7%

15.4%

37.8%

  Hispanic

 

3.5%

4.0%

8.9%

  White

 

67.2%

66.4%

37.8%

  More than one race/other

 

11.5%

10.7%

15.6%

Height (cm)

1110

127.6 (7.2)

130.9 (8.4)

134.0 (8.3)

Weight (kg)

1110

26.0 (4.1)

32.8 (5.6)

43.0 (10.5)

BMI (kg/m2)

1110

15.9 (1.2)

19.0 (1.0)

23.6 (3.5)

BMI z-score

1110

−0.05 (0.73)

1.31 (0.17)

2.07 (0.28)

Leg Length

1109

59.7 (4.6)

61.3 (5.5)

63.3 (5.8)

Waist circumference (cm)

1106

56.6 (4.1)

64.5 (5.0)

76.1 (9.4)

Hip circumference (cm)

1094

65.3 (4.7)

72.7 (6.0)

82.5 (8.5)

Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm)

1103

6.3 (2.0)

10.7 (7.5)

18.7 (7.2)

Triceps skinfold thickness (mm)

1106

9.6 (2.8)

14.5 (3.6)

20.6 (5.3)

BIA fat mass (kg)

1109

4.3 (1.7)

7.8 (2.3)

14.5 (5.9)

BIA % fat

1109

16.2 (4.3)

23.6 (4.2)

32.7 (6.5)

BIA fat-free mass (kg)

875

21.7 (3.1)

25.0 (3.9)

28.2 (5.3)

DXA total fat mass (kg)

875

5.8 (1.6)

9.1 (2.2)

15.0 (4.8)

DXA trunk fat (kg)

875

1.8 (0.6)

3.1 (1.0)

5.8 (2.3)

DXA % fat

875

22.2 (4.5)

27.8 (4.4)

34.8 (5.2)

DXA fat-free mass (kg)

875

20.3 (3.2)

23.7 (3.8)

27.5 (5.4)

  1. 1 Abbreviations as follows: BIA bioelectrical impedance. Normal weight, overweight, and obese defined as BMI z-score <85th percentile, 85th-<95th percentile, and ≥95th percentile, respectively.