Characterizing severe obesity in children and youth referred for weight management

BMC Pediatrics

Table 4 Nutrition- and physical activity-related habits of children and youth categorized as overweight/obese (OW/OB) and severely obese (SO)

	OW/OB	SO	p-value
Energy intake (kcal/d)	1955 ± 551	2333 ± 857	<0.001
Energy intake (kcal/d)	(n = 166)	(n = 139)	<0.001
Carbohydrate intake (g/d) ‡	261 ± 83	294 ± 110	0.004
Carbohydrate intake (g/d) ‡	(n = 166)	(n = 139)	0.004
Protein intake (g/d) ‡	77 ± 32	93 ± 43	<0.001
Protein intake (g/d) ‡	(n = 166)	(n = 139)	<0.001
Fat intake (g/d) ‡	68 ± 25	89 ± 42	<0.001
Fat intake (g/d) ‡	(n = 166)	(n = 139)	<0.001
Vegetables and Fruit (servings/d)	3.6 ± 1.9	3.6 ± 2.4	0.8
Vegetables and Fruit (servings/d)	(n = 156)	(n = 132)	0.8
Grain Products (servings/d)	7.7 ± 2.6	8.8 ± 4.0	0.01
Grain Products (servings/d)	(n = 156)	(n = 132)	0.01
Milk and Alternatives (servings/d)	2.0 ± 1.0	2.2 ± 1.3	0.4
Milk and Alternatives (servings/d)	(n = 156)	(n = 132)	0.4
Meat and Alternatives (servings/d)	1.9 ± 0.8	2.6 ± 1.4	0.01
Meat and Alternatives (servings/d)	(n = 155)	(n = 132)	0.01
Steps/d	8012 ± 3456	7049 ± 3127	0.02
Steps/d	(n = 154)	(n = 120)	0.02
MVPA (min/d)	69.1 ± 52.8	50.5 ± 41.8	0.007
MVPA (min/d)	(n = 159)	(n = 119)	0.007
Active video game time (min/d)	2.9 ± 14.1	1.8 ± 7.8	0.3
Active video game time (min/d)	(n = 158)	(n = 117)	0.3
Leisure time screen time (min/d)	163.5 ± 117.8	217.6 ± 131.2	0.04
Leisure time screen time (min/d)	(n = 159)	(n = 120)	0.04
Sleep duration (hr/night)	9.6 ± 1.0	9.5 ± 1.0	0.4
Sleep duration (hr/night)	(n = 163)	(n = 125)	0.4

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity).
Note 1: Sample sizes vary variable-to-variable because dataset was incomplete.
Note 2: Group comparisons for Vegetables and Fruit, Grain Products, Milk and Alternatives, Meat and Alternatives, MVPA, Active video game time, and Leisure time screen time were completed using non-parametric analyses since these variables were not normally distributed.
‡Differences in macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) remained significant after adjustment for total energy intake.

ISSN: 1471-2431