From: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Nafld) in obese children- effect of refined carbohydrates in diet
Variables | Total (n = 39) * | NAFLD** | p(value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Present (n = 8) | Absent (n = 31) | |||
Breastfeeding | ||||
Yes | 7 (18.9%) | 2 (25.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | 0.631 ¶ |
No | 30 (81.1%) | 6 (75.0%) | 24 (82.8%) | |
Sweets | ||||
Yes | 31 (79.5%) | 6 (75.0%) | 25 (80.6%) | 0.658 ¶ |
No | 8 (20.5%) | 2 (25.0%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
Fruits | ||||
Yes | 23 (59.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 19 (61.3%) | 0.694 ¶ |
No | 16 (41.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 12 (38.7%) | |
Vegetables | ||||
Yes | 20 (51.3%) | 5 (62.5%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.695 ¶ |
No | 19 (48.7%) | 3 (37.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | |
Water Consumption | ||||
Mean ± standard deviation | 943.2 ± 646.1 | 1300.0 ± 1050.3 | 860.0 ± 502.1 | 0.505 |
Median (Range) | 800 (200–3000) | 1000 (200–3000) | 700 (200–2000) | |
More Than 5 Meals | ||||
Yes | 11 (28.2%) | 3 (37.5%) | 8 (25.8%) | 0.663 ¶ |
No | 28 (71.8%) | 5 (62.5%) | 23 (74.2%) | |
Appropriate Lip | ||||
Yes | 18 (46.2%) | 3 (37.5%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.702 ¶ |
No | 21 (53.8%) | 5 (62.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | |
Appropriate Vit C | ||||
Yes | 29 (74.4%) | 5 (62.5%) | 24(77.4%) | 0.399 ¶ |
No | 10 (25.6%) | 3 (37.5%) | 7 (22.6%) | |
Appropriate Vit E | ||||
Yes | 27 (69.2%) | 7 (87.5%) | 20 (64.5%) | 0.394 ¶ |
No | 12 (30.8%) | 1 (12.5%) | 11 (35.5%) | |
Total energy value | ||||
Mean ± standard deviation | 2831.0 ± 725.5 | 2838.5 ± 658.9 | 2829.0 ± 751.93 | 1.000 |
Median (Range) | 2726 (1713–4486) | 2763.5 (1953–3798) | 2726 (1713–4486) | |
% Refined Ch in diet | ||||
Normal | 33 (84.6%) | 5 (62.5%) | 28 (90.3%) | 0.088 ¶ |
Altered | 6 (15.4%) | 3 (37,5%) | 3 (9.7%) | |
% Refined PTN in diet | ||||
Normal | 37 (94,9%) | 7 (87,5%) | 30 (96,8%) | 0.372 ¶ |
Altered | 2 (5,1%) | 1 (12,5%) | 1 (3,2%) |