Table 2 Overview of relevant characteristics and results of the included studies that involved child participants
Referencea | Place &time | Study design | Sample group | Comparison group | Measurement | Accelerometer cut off points | Findings | Meet 60 min/day of MVPA (%) and Author Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chung et al. [36] | United States, 2012 | Data of NHANES 2003–04 and 2005–06) surveys | n: 95 (47 boys, 48 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥95th to 99th centile | n: 514 (253 boys, 261 girls) participants with BMI ≥ 5th to 85th centile | Actigraph 7164 worn on the right hip for 7 consecutive days during waking hours | Epoch = 1 min | Obese group spent mean of (boys 118 (SD 6) and girls 83 (SD 10) min/day) on MVPA | 97, 70% of obese boys and girls respectively achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 6–8 years | Age: range 6–8 years | MVPA using Freedson cut-point (61) | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 129 (SD 4) and girls 104 (SD 4) min/day) on MVPA | 98, 90% of the comparison boys and girls respectively achieved an average of 60 min/day MVPA. | ||||
MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.05) | ||||||||
Hughes et al. [39] | United Kingdom, 2006 | Pairwise comparison study. | n: 53 (25 boys, 28 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 98th centile | n: 53 (25boys, 28 girls) participants with BMI < 85th centile. | CSA/MTI, 7164 worn on right hip for 7 consecutive days. | Epoch = 1 min | Obese group spent median of 16 (range 2–72) min/day on MVPA. | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
“Clinical sample” | Age: mean 8.7 (SD 2.1) years | MVPA > 3200 cpm | Comparison group spent median of 23 (range 7–77) min/day on MVPA. | MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.001) | ||||
Age: mean 8.6 (SD 2) years | Sedentary time < 1100 cpm | Obese group spent mean of 81 (SD 7) % of their waking time sedentary. | Sedentary time was similar in obese and comparison group | |||||
Comparison group spent mean of 79 (SD 6) % of their waking time sedentary. | ||||||||
Hussey et al. [32] | Dublin, 2007 | Cross sectional study | n: 7/152 (3 boys, 4 girls) obese participants; with BMI > 97th centile. | n: 121/152 (43 boys, 78 girls) participants with BMI > 75th to 91th centile. | RT3Triaxial accelerometer, worn for 4 days. | Epoch = 1 min | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 14 (95%, CI- 11, 17) and girls 29 (95%, CI- 14, 43) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 7 to 10 years. | Age: range 7 to 10 years. | MVPA> 3500 cpm | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 39 (95%, CI-33, 45) and girls 24 (95%, CI- 22, 27) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA was significantly lower in obese boys than comparison group (p < 0.05) | ||||
Sedentary time cut-points not clearly reported | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 1046 (95%, CI- 934, 1157) and girls 935 (95%, CI- 795, 1075) min/day) sedentary | Sedentary time was significantly higher in obese boys than comparison group (p < 0.05) | ||||||
Comparison group spent mean of (boys 928 (95%, CI-901, 955) and girls 963 (95%, CI- 941,985) min/day) sedentary | ||||||||
Maggio et al. [64] | Switzerland, 2010 | Cross-sectional study | n: 45/209 obese participants with BMI > 97th centile | n: 85 participants with BMI <90th centile | Actigraph 6471, worn on right hip for 7 consecutive days | Epoch not clearly reported | Obese group spent mean of 60 (SD 3) min/day on MVPA | 52% of the obese participants achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
“Clinical sample” | MVPA > 2000 cpm | Comparison group spent mean of 71 (SD 5) min/day on MVPA | 60% of the comparison group achieved an average of 60 min/day MVPA | |||||
Age: mean 9.1 (SD 0.3) years | Age: mean 10 (SD 0.3) years | Sedentary time < 500 cpm | Obese participants spent mean of 71% of their waking time sedentary | MVPA was lower in obese than comparison group but not significantly (p = 0.07) | ||||
Comparison group spent mean of 70% of their waking time sedentary | Sedentary time was significantly higher in obese than comparison group (p < 0.01) | |||||||
Metallinos-Katsaras et al. [38] | United States, 2007 | Cross sectional study | n: 21 obese children with BMI ≥ 95th centile | n: 35 children; BMI < 95th centile | CSA 7164, worn on the hip for 7 consecutive days | Epoch = 1 min | Obese group spent mean of 269 (SD not given) min/day on MVPA | Obese participants exceeded an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 2 to 5 years | Age: range 2 to 5 years | MVPA cut-points not clearly reported | Comparison group spent mean of 277 (SD not given) min/day on MVPA | MVPA was lower in obese than comparison group but this was not significant (p > 0.05) | ||||
Thompson et al. [37] | Canada, 2005 | Cross sectional study | n: 112 (56 boys, 56 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 95th centile | n: 341 (177 boys, 164 girls) participants with BMI ≤ 85th centile | Actigraph 7164, worn on the hip for 7 consecutive days | Epoch = 1 min | Obese group spent mean of (boys 172 (SD 58) and girls 157 (SD 52) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants exceeded an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 8 (SD 0.3) years | Age: 3, 7 and 11 years old | MVPA used Freedson cut-point (61) | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 179 (SD 63) and girls 165 (SD 51) min/day) on MVPA | Comparison group exceeded an average of 60 min/day of MVPA | ||||
MVPA was similar in obese and comparison group | ||||||||
Vale et al. [41] | Portugal, 2013 | Cross sectional study | n: 59/607 obese children with BMI defined according to the IOTF criteria | n: 425/607 children with BMI defined as non-overweight, non-obese according to the IOTF criteria | ActiGraph GT1M, worn on the hip for 7 consecutive days | Epoch = 5 s | Absolute MVPA not clearly given | MVPA was significantly lower in obese girls than comparison group (p < 0.01), but not in boys |
Age: mean 5.1 (SD 0.8) years | Age: range 4–6 years | MVPA ≥1680 cpm | ||||||
Wafa et al. [35]. | Malaysia, 2014 | Case control study. | n: 86 obese participants with BMI ≥ 95th centile | n: 86 participants with BMI < 85th centile matched for age and gender | ActiGraph GT1M, worn for 5 consecutive days | Epoch not reported | Obese group spent median 5 (IQR – 0, 32) min/day on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: median 9.5 (IQR 8,11) years | MVA > 3200 cpm | Comparison group spent of median 9 (IQR – 0, 55) min/day on MVPA | Comparison group failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA | |||||
Sedentary time < 1100 cpm | Obese group spent an average of 90% of their waking time sedentary | MVPA was significantly lower in the obese than in the comparison group (p < 0.001) | ||||||
Comparison group spent an average of 88% of their waking time sedentary | Sedentary time was significantly higher in the obese group than in the comparison group (p < 0.001) |