Study | Study period | Study setting | Duration | Place | Number of births | Number of anomaly affected births | Birth prevalence per 10,000 births |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agarwal et al. 1991 [13] | 1981–1984 | hospital | 31.5 months | Lucknow | 9405 births | 192 | 204.15 |
Agarwal et al. 2014 [14] | 2010–2011 | hospital | 12 months | Bhubaneswar | 7268 births | 116 | 159.6 |
Aiyar and Agarwal 1969 [15] | 1966–1967 | hospital | 19 months | Mumbai | 10,000 live births | 172 | 172a |
Anand et al. 1988 [16] | NM | hospital | NM | Jamnagar | 2000 births | 40 | 200 |
Bai et al. 1982 [17] | NM | hospitalb | 12Â months | Trivandrum | 7167 births | 132 | 184.18 |
Bai et al. 1990 [18] | NM | hospital | 12Â months | Trivandrum | 13,964 births | 50 | 35.81 |
Baruah et al. 2015 [19] | 2010–2013 | hospital | 34 months | Dibrugarh | 18,192 births | 206 | 113.24 |
Bharucha 1998 [20] | 1993–1996 | hospitalb | 39 months | Mumbai | 42,304 births | 972 | 229.77 |
Bhat and Babu 1998 [21] | 1989–1992 | hospital | 40 months | Pondicherry | 12,797 births | 353 | 275.85 |
Chaturvedi and Banerjee 1989 [22] | 1985–1986 | hospitalb | 12 months | Wardha | 3014 births | 82 | 272.06 |
Chinara and Singh 1982 [23] | 1978–1979 | hospitalb | 12 months | Varanasi | 1774 births | 37 | 208.57 |
Choudhary et al. 1984 [24] | 1976–1980 | hospital | 60 months | Kolkata | 21,016 births | 63 | 29.98 |
Choudhary et al. 1989 [25] | 1976–1987 | hospital | 120 months | Kolkata | 126,266 births | 535 | 42.37 |
Christopher and Jadhav 1986 [26] | 1979–1983 | hospitalb | 60 months | Vellore | 21,585 births | 131 | 60.69 |
Desai and Desai 2006 [27] | NM | hospitalb | 12Â months | Mumbai | 2188 births | 79 | 361.06 |
Dutta and Chaturvedi 2000 [28] | 1998–1999 | hospitalb | 13 months | Wardha | 2968 births | 37 | 124.66 |
Duttachoudhary and Pal 1997 [29] | 1991–1993 | hospital | 36 months | Durgapur | 7242 births | 26 | 35.9 |
Ghosh et al. 1979 [30] | 1974–1976 | hospital | 29 months | Kolkata | 2019 births | 29 | 143.64 |
Ghosh et al. 1985 [64] | 1969–1973 | community | 40 months | New Delhi | 7590 live births | 189 | 249.01a |
Goravalingappa and Nashi 1979 [31] | 1986–1987 | hospital | 15 months | Hubli | 2398 births | 75 | 312.76 |
Grover 2000 [32] | 1991–1995 | hospital | 60 months | Shimla | 10,100 births | 180 | 178.22 |
Hemrajani et al. 1971 [33] | 1965–1969 | hospitalb | 60 months | Jaipur | 28,511 births | 608 | 213.25 |
Jaikrishan et al. 1999 [34] | 1995–1998 | hospital | 41 months | Kerala | 36,805 births | 538 | 146.18 |
Jaikrishan et al. 2013 [35] | 1995–2011 | hospital | 191 months | Kerala | 141,540 births | 1370 | 96.79 |
Joseph et al. 2010 [65] | 2004–2005 | community | 6 months | Belgaum | 194 live births | 4 | 206.19a |
Khanna and Prasad 1967 [36] | 1964 | hospital | 9Â months | Patna | 5376 births | 74 | 137.65 |
Kolah et al. 1967 [37] | 1960–1963 | hospital | 39 months | Mumbai | 23,568 births | 331 | 140.44 |
Kulkarni et al. 1987 [38] | 1984 | hospital | 6Â months | Davangere | 2000 births | 81 | 405 |
Kulshetra et al. 1983 [66] | 1976–1977 | community | 24 months | Ballabhgarh | 2409 live births | 79 | 327.94a |
Marwah et al. 2014 [39] | 2010–2011 | hospital | 12 months | Patiala | 1554 births | 69 | 444.02 |
Mathur et al. 1975 [40] | 1970 | hospitalb | 4Â months | Hyderabad | 1060 births | 33 | 311.32 |
Mishra and Baveja 1989 [41] | 1983–1987 | hospital | 48 months | Allahabad | 4098 births | 60 | 146.41 |
Mital and Grewal 1969 [42] | 1967–1968 | hospital | 15 months | Kanpur | 4150 births | 93 | 224.1 |
Modi et al. 1998 [43] | 1993–1997 | hospital | 40 months | Baroda | 31,775 births | 651 | 204.88 |
Parmar et al. 2010 [44] | 2006–2007 | hospital | 18 months | Bhavngar | 4210 births | 37 | 87.89 |
Patel and Adhia 2005 [45] | NM | hospital | 24Â months | Mumbai | 17,653 births | 294 | 166.54 |
Patel et al. 2014 [46] | 2012–2014 | hospital | 24 months | Ahmedabad | 16,481 births | 210 | 127.42 |
Rao et al. 2014 [47] | 2008–2012 | hospital | 60 months | Mangalore | 28,373 births | 344 | 121.24 |
Ronya et al. 2002 [48] | 1999–2000 | hospitalb | 9 months | Wardha | 3000 births | 62 | 206.67 |
Sachadeva et al. 2014 [49] | 2010 | hospital | 4Â months | Rohtak | 2862 live births | 47 | 164.22a |
Saifulla et al. 1967 [50] | 1966 | hospitalb | 8Â months | Chandigarh | 1000 births | 36 | 360 |
Sarkar et al. 2013 [51] | 2011–2012 | hospitalb | 12 months | Kolkata | 12,896 live births | 286 | 221.77a |
Savaskar et al. 2014 [52] | 2011–2013 | hospitalb | NM | Latur | 10,294 births | 443 | 430.35 |
Shah and Pensi 2013 [53] | NM | hospital | 9Â months | Ahmedabad | 4456 births | 106 | 237.88 |
Sharma 1970 [54] | 1967–1969 | hospital | 36 months | Mysore | 5554 births | 14 | 25.21 |
Sharma et al. 1972 [55] | 1963–1964 | hospital | 14 months | Lucknow | 2851 births | 40 | 140.3 |
Singh and Gupta 2009 [56] | 2002 | hospital | 12Â months | Jammu | 9308 births | 140 | 150.41 |
Singh and Sharma 1980 [57] | 1975–1978 | hospital | 48 months | New Delhi | 6274 live births | 170 | 270.96a |
Stevenson et al. 1966 [58] | 1961–1964 | hospital | NM | Mumbai (Purandare VN) | 39,498 births | 340 | 86.08 |
Stevenson et al. 1966 [58] | 1961–1964 | hospital | NM | Kolkata (Mitra KN) | 19,191 births | 59 | 30.74 |
Swain et al. 1994 [59] | 1988–1989 | hospital | 24 months | Varanasi | 3932 births | 48 | 122.08 |
Taksande et al. 2010 [60] | 2005–2007 | hospitalb | 31 months | Wardha | 9386 births | 179 | 190.71 |
Tibrewala and Pai 1974 [61] | 1968–1972 | hospital | 60 months | Mumbai | 12,360 live births | 232 | 187.7a |
Verma et al. 1991 [62] | 1983–1989 | hospital | 75 months | Ludhiana | 10,000 births | 359 | 359 |
Verma et al. 1998 [63] | NM | hospital | 36Â months | New Delhi | 23,367 births | 433 | 185.3 |