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Table 9 Early Childhood Education Candidates’ Self-Efficacy Based on Candidates Meeting the Physical Activity Guideline for Adults

From: Exploring the physical activity and screen-viewing-related knowledge, training, and self-efficacy of early childhood education candidates

Item

Mean Rank

Mann-Whitney U

z

Adjusted p†

Meeting Guideline

Not Meeting Guideline

Self-Efficacy to Promote Physical Activity

Ensure children are engaging in adequate light physical activity (as per the Canadian guidelines)

365.83

330.48

20,115.00

−1.54

.12

Ensure children are engaging in adequate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (as per the Canadian guidelines)

377.82

327.22

18,975.50

−2.19

.06

Create a childcare environment that encourages active play

391.63

322.55

17,546.50

−3.08

.01*

Make good use of the environment and available equipment for play and physical activity

399.09

321.57

16,979.50

−3.44

.01*

Create opportunities for outdoor risky play (e.g., tree climbing, less ‘hovering’ on the playground, balancing activities)

380.64

325.70

18,609.00

−2.38

.05

Self-Efficacy to Teach Physical Activity

Model appropriate physical activity/movement behaviours

386.30

326.70

18,407.50

−2.62

.04*

Lead activities to improve children’s fitness development (e.g., cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, & coordination)

401.68

323.56

17,086.00

−3.40

.01*

Teach about the relationship between physical activity and health

380.97

326.23

18,660.00

−2.38

.05

Teach locomotor skills, traveling actions (jump, gallop, hop)

395.96

323.14

17,369.00

−3.24

.01*

Teach play skills (bike riding, sliding, swinging, climbing)

375.07

327.57

19,184.50

−2.08

.08

Teach rhythm skills

349.22

327.53

20,458.50

−.945

.35

Use a variety of methods that encourage physical activity

398.72

322.78

17,159.50

−3.34

.01*

Self-Efficacy to Overcome Barriers to Physical Activity

Facilitate active play for young children in a limited space

385.62

322.86

17,728.50

−2.75

.01*

Lead outdoor active play opportunities even if I am tired

398.53

319.32

16,718.00

−3.50

.00*

Lead active play opportunities in challenging weather climates (e.g., rain, snow, extreme heat)

398.07

322.87

17,209.00

−3.26

.00*

  1. Note. Not meeting guideline indicates < 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week (CSEP, 2012b). Meeting guideline indicates ≥150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week (CSEP, 2012b). †The Holm-Bonferroni Method was applied to adjust the p-values for each set of multiple comparisons. *p < .05