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Table 2 Linear growth model of Weight-for-Length/BMI z-score from birth to 72 months based on antibiotic exposure during the first year of life (n = 586)

From: The association between antibiotics in the first year of life and child growth trajectory

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Estimate (S.E)

P-value

Estimate (S.E)

P-value

Estimate (S.E)

P-value

Initial WL/BMI z-score (intercept)

− 0.21 (0.05)

< 0.0001

− 0.18 (0.05)

0.0006

−0.10 (0.35)

0.77

Linear time (months)

0.06 (0.007)

< 0.0001

0.04 (0.009)

< 0.0001

0.04 (0.009)

< 0.0001

Quadratic time (months2)

−0.0007 (0.0001)

< 0.0001

− 0.0005 (0.0001)

< 0.0001

− 0.0004 (0.0001)

< 0.0001

Antibiotic course

 

0.009

 

0.09

 

0.10

 0

0

 

0

 

0

 

 1–2

0.17 (0.08)

 

0.10 (0.09)

 

0.08 (0.09)

 

 3+

0.42 (0.16)

 

0.37 (0.18)

 

0.38 (0.18)

 

Linear Time x Antibiotic course

   

0.003

 

0.002

 0

  

0

 

0

 

 1–2

  

0.05 (0.02)

 

0.05 (0.02)

 

 3+

  

0.04 (0.03)

 

0.04 (0.03)

 

Quadratic Time x Antibiotic course

   

0.003

 

0.002

 0

  

0

 

0

 

 1–2

  

−0.0007 (0.0002)

 

−0.0008 (0.0002)

 

 3+

  

−0.0005 (0.0004)

 

−0.0005 (0.0004)

 
  1. The models presented here included a random statement for the individual allowing variation in intercept, time, time2, and antibiotic course with a variance components (VC) covariance structure between the effects using a Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. Model 1 includes the effect of time, time2, and antibiotic dose on weight-for-length/BMI z-score changes from birth to 72 months. In Model 2, we included the variables for time x antibiotic course and time2x antibiotic course. Model 3 controlled for known covariates including maternal age, maternal BMI, race, marital status, income, education, smoking, diabetes, exclusive breastfeeding for 4 months, and infant sex. Entries show parameter estimates and standard errors in parentheses.