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Table 2 Means of the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates total-scale and the subjective subscale and items

From: The influence of gestational age in the psychometric testing of the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates

  

Rater A

Rater B

Rater C

Rater D

Rater E

 

Phase

Means t1-t5

Means t1-t5

Means t1-t5

Means t1-t5

Means t1-t5

Range (Median)

Range (Median)

Range (Median)

Range (Median)

Range (Median)

BPSN total-scale

Baseline

0.89–1.14 (1.06)

1.99–2.47 (2.21)

1.31–1.51 (1.38)

4.44–5.15 (4.98)

4.66–4.97 (4.80)

N = 81–142

Heel Stick

4.03–4.77 (4.14)

5.98–6.98 (6.33)

4.57–5.41 (4.87)

8.15–9.53 (8.29)

8.00–9.07 (8.52)

Recovery

1.84–2.30 (2.19)

3.08–3.40 (3.22)

2.37–2.67 (2.46)

5.27–6.27 (6.06)

5.37–5.99 (5.65)

Subjective subscale

Baseline

0.89–1.14 (1.06)

1.99–2.47 (2.21)

1.31–1.51 (1.38)

4.44–5.15 (4.98)

4.66–4.97 (4.80)

N = 82–142

Heel Stick

2.51–2.82 (2.68)

4.64–4.96 (4.73)

3.00–3.35 (3.31)

6.59–7.47 (6.84)

6.65–7.04 (6.90)

Recovery

1.17–1.63 (1.45)

2.39–2.76 (2.51)

1.70–1.97 (1.77)

4.59–5.60 (5.28)

4.66–5.26 (4.94)

Sleeping

Baseline

0.23–0.28 (0.23)

0.39–0.43 (0.41)

0.42–0.51 (0.47)

1.04–1.28 (1.19)

0.89–1.10 (1.05)

N = 95–143

Heel Stick

0.39–0.45 (0.42)

0.75–0.91 (0.89)

0.55–0.63 (0.60)

1.19–1.29 (1.23)

1.35–1.46 (1.41)

Recovery

0.20–0.32 (0.30)

0.40–0.49 (0.41)

0.41–0.51 (0.42)

1.02–1.31 (1.19)

0.89–1.08 (1.06)

Crying

Baseline

0.02–0.06 (0.06)

0.04–0.09 (0.07)

0.04–0.10 (0.06)

0.06–0.11 (0.09)

0.07–0.12 (0.09)

N = 96–143

Heel Stick

0.21–0.30 (0.24)

0.30–0.43 (0.36)

0.31–0.42 (0.37)

0.35–0.47 (0.42)

0.36–0.48 (0.43)

Recovery

0.02–0.06 (0.03)

0.03–0.10 (0.06)

0.03–0.11 (0.07)

0.05–0.11 (0.06)

0.04–0.12 (0.09)

Consolation

Baseline

0.02–0.06 (0.05)

0.05–0.10 (0.09)

0.04–0.12 (0.07)

0.77–1.07 (0.97)

0.03–0.12 (0.08)

N = 96–143

Heel Stick

0.21–0.32 (0.21)

0.31–0.48 (0.43)

0.28–0.43 (0.33)

1.19–1.48 (1.26)

0.35–0.55 (0.46)

Recovery

0.00–0.07 (0.02)

0.03–0.13 (0.06)

0.01–0.15 (0.09)

0.68–0.99 (0.85)

0.02–0.14 (0.11)

Skin colour

Baseline

0.02–0.06 (0.04)

1.00–1.27 (1.11)

0.02–0.06 (0.03)

0.86–1.06 (0.97)

1.51–1.67 (1.61)

N = 96–143

Heel Stick

0.05–0.08 (0.07)

1.19–1.29 (1.26)

0.03–0.05 (0.03)

0.99–1.36 (1.07)

1.55–1.79 (1.69)

Recovery

0.00–0.06 (0.04)

1.05–1.18 (1.13)

0.02–0.04 (0.03)

0.89–1.09 (1.04)

1.48–1.69 (1.53)

Facial expression

Baseline

0.16–0.29 (0.24)

0.17–0.29 (0.19)

0.22–0.32 (0.25)

0.73–0.86 (0.75)

0.83–0.89 (0.87)

N = 95–143

Heel Stick

0.50–0.64 (0.61)

0.61–0.69 (0.64)

0.60–0.65 (0.63)

1.01–1.13 (1.06)

1.08–1.18 (1.12)

Recovery

0.19–0.33 (0.24)

0.09–0.19 (0.17)

1.16–0.26 (0.23)

0.62–0.79 (0.69)

0.80–0.89 (0.87)

Posture

Baseline

0.33–0.49 (0.40)

0.27–0.36 (0.30)

0.45–0.49 (0.48)

0.93–1.04 (0.99)

1.15–1.29 (1.19)

N = 97–143

Heel Stick

0.55–0.67 (0.60)

0.69–0.80 (0.78)

0.57–0.71 (0.70)

1.17–1.24 (1.20)

1.38–1.45 (1.41)

Recovery

0.32–0.43 (0.34)

0.20–0.34 (0.32)

0.37–0.46 (0.41)

0.80–0.94 (0.87)

1.06–1.20 (1.19)

Breathing

Heel Stick

0.47–0.57 (0.50)

0.32–0.65 (0.54)

0.61–0.72 (0.65)

0.50–0.69 (0.64)

0.39–0.62 (0.47)

N = 84–142

Recovery

0.35–0.54 (0.45)

0.31–0.46 (0.40)

0.40–0.63 (0.58)

0.49–0.64 (0.53)

0.31–0.58 (0.41)

Raw Scores

Baseline

26.7–27.9 (27.6)

25.7–26.9 (25.8)

27.8–29.5 (28.1)

26.0–26.9 (26.6)

28.4–30.1 (29.5)

Breathing

Heel Stick

28.6–29.2 (28.5)

26.1–27.8 (27.0)

28.2–29.9 (28.9)

27.2–28.3 (27.5)

29.4–30.4 (30.0)

N = 91–142

Recovery

27.0–28.7 (27.7)

25.3–27.1 (26.2)

27.4–29.3 (28.3)

26.4–27.4 (26.6)

28.9–30.1 (29.7)

  1. Note. N = number of neonates included in the analysis. This number varies because of differences in the amount of missing data between the raters at each measurement point and differences in the number of neonates included at each point of measurement