Table 2 Associations of individual Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) with fair or poor self-rated physical and mental health status among parents and adolescents

Emotional abuse

3.23*** (2.21, 4.74)

2.66*** (1.76, 4.02)

3.66*** (2.52, 5.33)

3.25*** (2.17, 4.86)

2.26*** (1.57, 3.24)

1.99** (1.35, 2.94)

3.39*** (2.46, 4.68)

2.94*** (2.07, 4.16)

Physical abuse

2.38*** (1.65, 3.42)

2.11*** (1.42, 3.13)

2.34*** (1.64, 3.35)

2.25*** (1.53, 3.30)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Sexual abuse

1.69** (1.18, 2.43)

1.45 ns (0.98, 2.14)

2.58*** (1.82, 3.66)

2.52*** (1.72, 3.67)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Emotional neglect

1.84** (1.19, 2.85)

1.82* (1.15, 2.90)

2.90*** (1.93, 4.35)

3.17*** (2.06, 4.89)

2.80*** (1.69, 4.64)

2.40** (1.38, 4.19)

9.17*** (5.00, 16.82)

8.02*** (4.18, 15.39)

Physical neglect

1.43 ns (0.99, 2.07)

1.16 ns (0.78, 1.74)

2.18*** (1.54, 3.09)

2.14*** (1.47, 3.12)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Exposure to IPV

2.34*** (1.51, 3.61)

1.79* (1.11, 2.88)

2.58*** (1.69, 3.94)

2.24** (1.41, 3.55)

2.05*** (1.43, 2.94)

1.99** (1.35, 2.93)

3.19*** (2.31, 4.41)

2.87*** (2.02, 4.09)

Household substance abuse

1.51* (1.06, 2.15)

1.33 ns (0.91, 1.96)

1.98*** (1.41, 2.78)

1.87** (1.30, 2.70)

1.94** (1.29, 2.91)

1.74* (1.12, 2.71)

2.26*** (1.58, 3.25)

2.02*** (1.37, 2.99)

Household mental illness

1.62* (1.12, 2.36)

1.48 ns (0.99, 2.22)

2.76*** (1.92, 3.96)

2.51*** (1.71, 3.68)

2.36*** (1.64, 3.40)

2.16*** (1.45, 3.21)

5.64*** (4.08, 7.79)

4.79*** (3.37, 6.81)

Parental separation or divorce

1.49* (1.01, 2.20)

1.33 ns (0.87, 2.02)

2.02*** (1.40, 2.93)

1.86** (1.25, 2.76)

1.90*** (1.34, 2.69)

1.88** (1.26, 2.81)

2.15*** (1.58, 2.93)

2.35*** (1.63, 3.38)

Parental trouble with police

2.04** (1.21, 3.42)

1.35 ns (0.75, 2.42)

3.16*** (1.95, 5.12)

2.35** (1.39, 3.99)

2.25** (1.40, 3.62)

1.91* (1.14, 3.19)

3.19*** (2.06, 4.96)

3.41*** (2.10, 5.53)

Spanking

2.15*** (1.52, 3.06)

2.05*** (1.41, 2.97)

2.14*** (1.52, 3.00)

2.10*** (1.46, 3.01)

1.30 ns (0.92, 1.83)

1.12 ns (0.77, 1.63)

1.46* (1.08, 1.96)

1.34 ns (0.97, 1.85)

Parental gambling

1.96* (1.08, 3.57)

1.52 ns (0.81, 2.86)

2.54** (1.44, 4.45)

2.17* (1.20, 3.92)

3.14** (1.55, 6.35)

3.04** (1.46, 6.33)

3.20** (1.59, 6.43)

3.30** (1.55, 7.00)

Foster care or CPO contact^a

2.48** (1.46, 4.23)

1.50 ns (0.84, 2.70)

3.66*** (2.21, 6.04)

2.50** (1.45, 4.31)

2.57*** (1.72, 3.83)

2.19*** (1.41, 3.40)

2.68***(1.84, 3.90)

2.41*** (1.58, 3.67)

Poverty

2.04*** (1.42, 2.92)

1.64* (1.11, 2.42)

2.14*** (1.51, 3.03)

1.86** (1.28, 2.71)

2.42*** (1.68, 3.51)

1.81** (1.18, 2.79)

2.48*** (1.77, 3.47)

2.57*** (1.71, 3.85)

Peer victimization

2.66*** (1.86, 3.81)

2.67*** (1.83, 3.89)

2.77*** (1.95, 3.93)

2.69*** (1.87, 3.88)

2.01*** (1.41, 2.88)

1.93** (1.31, 2.83)

2.51*** (1.83, 3.44)

2.74*** (1.94, 3.88)

Neighbourhood safety

NA

NA

NA

NA

2.19* (1.08, 4.47)

1.99 ns (0.92, 4.31)

4.13*** (2.03, 8.41)

4.77*** (2.15, 10.57)

 Any Child Maltreatment or Peer Victimization^b

3.04*** (1.77, 5.22)

2.86*** (1.62, 5.05)

3.08*** (1.82, 5.22)

3.19*** (1.81, 5.60)

2.45*** (1.66, 3.62)

2.15*** (1.41, 3.26)

3.14*** (2.27, 4.34)

3.00***(2.12, 4.26)

 Any Household Challenge^c

2.46*** (1.54, 3.94)

1.97** (1.20, 3.24)

3.05*** (1.90, 4.90)

2.67*** (1.61, 4.44)

3.60*** 2.24, 5.79

2.99*** 1.81, 4.95

5.50*** (3.68, 8.22)

6.09*** (3.88, 9.57)