From: Small for gestational age is a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction in preterm newborns
SGA | AGA | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | |||
Participants, n | 189 | 661 | |
Male sex | 111 (58.73) | 389 (58.85) | 0.976 |
BW, kg | 1.56 ± 0.37* | 2.07 ± 0.51* | < 0.001 |
1.58 (0.61 ~ 2.30)** | 2.10 (0.86 ~ 5.07)** | ||
ELBW#1 (< 1 kg) | 12 (6.35) | 5 (0.76) | |
VLBW#2 (1 ~ 1.5 kg) | 68 (35.90) | 96 (14.55) | |
LBW#3 (> 1.5 kg ~ 2.5 kg) | 109 (57.67) | 447 (67.73) | |
NBW#4 (> 2.5 kg) | 0 | 112 (16.97) | |
GA, wk. (week) | 34.03 ± 2.05* | 33.53 ± 2.39* | 0.009 |
35 (28 ~ 36.86)** | 34.00 (26 ~ 36.86)** | ||
Extremely preterm (< 28wk) | 2 (1.06) | 19 (2.87) | |
Early preterm (28 ~ 316/7wk) | 26 (13.76) | 134 (20.27) | |
Mild preterm (32 ~ 366/7wk) | 153 (85.19) | 508 (76.85) | |
Z-score | −1.85 ± 0.59 | −0.14 ± 0.72 | < 0.001 |
Ponderal index | 2.29 ± 0.42 | 2.46 ± 0.27 | < 0.001 |
Being a twin | 59 (31.22) | 154 (23.30) | 0.027 |
Caesarean section | 58 (30.69) | 307 (46.59) | < 0.001 |
In vitro fertilization | 20 (10.58) | 83 (12.59) | 0.455 |
Clinical factors | |||
Low Apgar score at 1 min(< 7) | 30 (16.39) | 52 (8.01) | 0.001 |
Low Apgar score at 5 min(< 7) | 13 (6.91) | 45 (6.85) | 0.975 |
Respiratory distress syndrome | 65 (34.39) | 239 (36.16) | 0.655 |
Severe IVH## (grade 3 or 4) | 4 (2.14) | 19 (2.89) | 0.577 |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 13 (6.91) | 36 (5.46) | 0.452 |
Cardiac problems | 35 (18.62) | 101 (15.40) | 0.290 |
Respiratory support | |||
Invasive | 33 (17.46) | 88 (13.31) | 0.150 |
Noninvasive | 60 (31.75) | 195 (29.50) | 0.553 |
Surfactant administration | 50 (26.46) | 197 (29.80) | 0.371 |
Medications | |||
Steroids | 5 (2.64) | 13 (1.97) | 0.560 |
Dopamine | 12 (6.35) | 26 (3.93) | 0.150 |
Furosemide | 2 (1.05) | 5 (0.76) | 0.686 |