Table 1 Arrhythmic drugs recommend in fetal atrial flutter based on statement AHA [3]
Drug | Therapeutic maternal dose range | Therapeutic level and effect | Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
Digoxin | LD: 1200–1500 µg/24 h IV, divided every 8 h MD: 375–750 µg/d divided every 8 to 12 h PO (Fetal intramuscular dose: 88 µg/kg q12 h, repeat 2 times) | 0.7–2.0 ng/mL Maternal Nausea, fatigue, loss of appetite, sinus bradycardia, first-degree AV block, rare nocturnal Wenckebach AV block | Nausea/vomiting +++, sinus bradyarrhythmia or AV block +++, proarrhythmia Fetal intramuscular: sciatic nerve injury or skin laceration from injection |
Sotalol | 160–480 mg/d divided every 8 to 12 h PO | Levels not monitored Bradycardia, first-degree AV block, P and QRS widening, QTc ≤ 0.48 s | Nausea/vomiting, dizziness, QTc ≥ 0.48 s, fatigue, BBB, maternal/fetal proarrhythmia |
Amiodarone | LD: 1800–2400 mg/d divided every 6 h for 48 h PO; lower (800–1200 mg PO) if prior drug therapy MD: 200–600 mg/d PO Consider discontinuation of drug and transition to another agent once rhythm is converted or hydrops has resolved. | 0.7–2.8 µg/mL Maternal/fetal sinus bradycardia, decreased appetite, first-degree AV block, P and QRS widening, QTc ≤ 0.48 s | Nausea/vomiting ++, thyroid dysfunction ++, photosensitivity rash, thrombocytopenia, BBB, QTc ≥ 0.48 s, maternal/fetal proarrhythmia, fetal torsades with LQTS, fetal goiter, neurodevelopmental concerns |