Reproducibility and inter-observer agreement of Greulich-Pyle protocol to estimate skeletal age among female adolescent soccer players

Table 5 Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) of skeletal age estimates obtained from two observers and mean differences among female adolescent soccer players (n = 100)

Criteria			n	Observer 1	Observer 2	Mean difference		Magnitude effect
Reading	processing	calculations				Mean difference		Magnitude effect
Reading	processing	calculations				value	(95% CI)	d	(qualitative)
Overall	GPwhole		100	16.83 ± 1.30	15.38 ± 1.22	1.45	(1.30 to 1.59)	0.79	(moderate)
Bone-by-bone	30-boneGP	M	100	14.20 ± 0.36	14.18 ± 0.37	0.01	(0.09 to 0.30)	0.05	(trivial)
	30-boneGP	Md	100	14.56 ± 0.61	14.56 ± 0.61	0.00	(0.00 to 0.00)
	GPpmb	M	85#	14.24 ± 0.77	14.17 ± 0.74	0.07	(0.01 to 0.14)	0.10	(trivial)
	GPpmb	Md	85#	14.24 ± 0.76	14.16 ± 0.74	0.00	(0.00 to 0.00)

GPwhole 30-bone assessment; 30-boneGP All bones examined, GPpmb Only pre mature bones examined, M Mean, Md Median, % 95 CI 95% confidence intervals, df Degrees of freedom; # 15 participants presented all bones as mature; The paired t-test cannot be computed because the standard error of the difference between means is 0

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