Table 5 Risk factors associated with high grade IVH in univariable and multivariable analysis (N = 97)
From: Intraventricular haemorrhage in a Ugandan cohort of low birth weight neonates: the IVHU study
Risk factor | Risk factor present n (%) | No IVH (N = 79) n (%) | High grade IVH (N = 18) n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antepartum | |||||
 Multiple pregnancy | 39 (40.2) | 34 (43.0) | 5 (27.8) | 0.51 (0.15–1.49) | 0.41 (0.12–1.27) |
 Maternal HIV | 6 (6.2) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (16.7) | 4.67 (0.80–27.46) | 3.08 (0.48–19.38) |
 Antepartum steroids (2 doses) | 6 (6.2) | 6 (7.6) | 0 | 0 (0–3.58) | 0 (0–4.51) |
 Antepartum steroids (any doses) | 46 (47.4) | 39 (49.4) | 7 (38.9) | 0.59 (0.20–1.66) | 0.835 (0.26–2.66) |
Intrapartum | |||||
 Vaginal delivery | 78 (80.4) | 60 (75.9) | 18 (100.0) | 6.15 (0.86–271.26) | – |
 Outborn | 46 (47.4) | 39 (49.4) | 7 (38.9) | 1.53 (0.55–4.55) | 3.01 (0.92–11.03) |
Neonatal | |||||
 Male | 51 (52.6) | 41 (52.9) | 10 (55.6) | 1.16 (0.41–3.33) | 1.73 (0.21–15.49) |
 Admission weight < 1500 ga | 49 (50.5) | 38 (48.1) | 11 (61.1) | 1.70 (0.61–5.03) | 2.25 (0.26–20.59) |
 Gestation < 32 weeksb | 35 (36.1) | 27 (34.2) | 8 (44.4) | 0.68 (0.24–1.96) | 8.18 (1.18–69.37) |
 SGA (<10th centile) | 37 (38.1) | 33 (41.8) | 4 (22.2) | 0.38 (0.10–1.18) | 0.81 (0.14–4.36) |
 Resuscitation at delivery | 13 (13) | 11 (13.9) | 2 (11.1) | 0.77 (0.11–3.26) | 1.19 (0.16–5.72) |
 Resuscitation in NU | 8 (8.2) | 3 (3.8) | 5 (27.8) | 9.74 (2.14–52.4) | 9.24 (1.83–54.38) |
 Respiratory distress within 4 h of admission | 39 (40.2) | 29 (36.7) | 10 (55.6) | 2.16 (0.77–6.24) | 1.78 (0.52–6.16) |
 bCPAP | 29 (29.9) | 20 (25.3) | 9 (50.0) | 2.95 (1.92–8.60) | 2.28 (0.67–7.77) |
 hsPDA | 15 (15.5) | 10 (12.7) | 5 (27.8) | 2.65 (0.73–8.86) | 2.36 (0.62–8.45) |
 Hypothermia (< 36 degrees) in 1st 24 h | 69 (71.1) | 53 (67.1) | 16 (88.9) | 3.77 (0.97–25.03) | 3.84 (0.87–27.67) |
 Hypoxia (< 90% saturation in air) at presentation | 41 (42.3) | 31 (39.2) | 10 (55.6) | 2.12 (0.74–6.41) | 2.01 (0.64–6.51) |