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Table 2 Adjusted incidence ratios (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for diagnosis of acute and chronic diseases among children receiving public assistance

From: Single-parenthood and health conditions among children receiving public assistance in Japan: a cohort study

 

Asthma

Allergic rhinitis

Dermatitis/ eczema

Dental diseases

URI

Influenza/ pneumonia

Intestinal infections

Conjunc-tivitis

Injury

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

IR (95% CI)

Explanatory variable

 Single-parenthood

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

1.62 (1.16–2.26)

1.41 (1.07–1.86)

1.81 (1.21–2.70)

1.79 (1.33–2.42)

1.25 (1.03–1.50)

1.02 (0.82–1.27)

1.36 (0.92–2.01)

1.24 (0.84–1.84)

0.98 (0.58–1.67)

Covariates

 Age

  by 1 year

0.93 (0.91–0.96)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.89 (0.86–0.93)

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.95 (0.94–0.97)

0.95 (0.93–0.97)

0.86 (0.83–0.90)

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

1.10 (1.04–1.17)

 Sex

  Girl

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Boy

1.15 (0.87–1.52)

1.17 (0.92–1.48)

1.29 (0.93–1.78)

0.90 (0.71–1.15)

1.04 (0.89–1.22)

1.14 (0.93–1.41)

1.44 (1.02–2.04)

0.90 (0.64–1.27)

1.40 (0.81–2.41)

 Presence of siblings

  Only child

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Have siblings

0.83 (0.62–1.12)

0.89 (0.69–1.15)

0.72 (0.51–1.02)

0.88 (0.68–1.13)

0.82 (0.69–0.97)

0.85 (0.68–1.06)

0.75 (0.52–1.08)

0.75 (0.51–1.09)

1.28 (0.7–2.31)

 Parent’s work

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

0.83 (0.62–1.11)

0.89 (0.69–1.14)

0.98 (0.69–1.40)

0.91 (0.71–1.17)

1.02 (0.86–1.21)

1.05 (0.84–1.30)

0.74 (0.49–1.13)

0.62 (0.42–0.91)

0.89 (0.5–1.57)

 Nationality

  Japanese

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Others

0.69 (0.31–1.50)

0.91 (0.52–1.60)

0.91 (0.43–1.91)

1.81 (1.27–2.57)

0.87 (0.6–1.27)

0.63 (0.36–1.11)

0.86 (0.6–1.23)

1.15 (0.57–2.31)

1.66 (0.6–4.64)

 Municipality

  A

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  B

0.94 (0.69–1.27)

1.53 (1.21–1.93)

0.82 (0.57–1.17)

1.26 (0.98–1.63)

1.14 (0.96–1.35)

1.22 (0.99–1.51)

0.52 (0.34–0.79)

0.95 (0.65–1.40)

3.55 (2.05–6.16)

  1. URI Upper respiratory infections