Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of participants

Gender

0.683

 Male

26 (61.9)

30 (66.7)

25 (54.3)

28 (59.6)

 Female

16 (38.1)

15 (33.3)

21 (45.7)

19 (40.4)

Mode of delivery

0.411

 Vaginal delivery

21 (50.0)

20 (44.4)

17 (37.0)

16 (34.0)

 Cesarean section

21 (50.0)

24 (55.6)

29 (63.0)

31 (66.0)

Gestation age (wk)

37.57 ± 2.90

36.81 ± 3.22

36.81 ± 2.97

36.38 ± 3.59

0.376

Apgar score (1 min)

9.31 ± 0.78

9.13 ± 0.86

9.30 ± 0.72

9.28 ± 0.85

0.703

Apgar score (5 min)

9.67 ± 0.61

9.58 ± 0.75

9.70 ± 0.55

9.66 ± 0.73

0.855

Birth weight (kg)

2.89 ± 0.66

2.75 ± 0.79

2.73 ± 0.71

2.58 ± 0.90

0.295

Age of birth (day)

2.52 ± 1.83

2.62 ± 1.51

3.28 ± 2.24

2.90 ± 1.94

0.178

Frequency of heel prick after admission

6.24 ± 4.65

6.98 ± 4.35

6.54 ± 5.34

7.40 ± 5.93

0.666