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Table 6 PIPP-R score of four groups of neonates

From: The effect of maternal voice and non-nutritional sucking on repeated procedural pain of heel prick in neonates: a quasi-experimental study

Stage

Group

PIPP-R score

F

P

Baseline

NNS group

0.45 ± 0.149

1.602

0.191

MV group

0.49 ± 0.144

NNS + MV

0.13 ± 0.080

Control group

0.49 ± 0.166

Operation

NNS group

7.79 ± 2.053

20.559

0.000

MV group

6.36 ± 1.481

NNS + MV

5.80 ± 1.827

Control group

8.84 ± 2.676

Recovery

NNS group

3.37 ± 1.902

30.584

0.000

MV group

2.27 ± 1.188

NNS + MV

1.24 ± 1.090

Control group

4.41 ± 2.262