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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common disease in premature infants. In recent years, most researchers have used lactic acid as poor prognosis marker in premature infants. This study aims to explore inve...
To ensure a child's full growth, health, and development during infancy and the early years, adequate nutrition is crucial. A crucial window of opportunity for ensuring children's proper growth and development...
In Cameroon, acute bronchiolitis has been reported as the third commonest lower respiratory infection and is usually associated with low mortality. Nonetheless, respiratory distress associated with non-adheren...
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality among premature infants. However, studies with large samples on the factors of NEC in China have n...
Under-5 mortality decreased significantly worldwide between 2000 and 2015, but there is still progress to be made, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. This supplement shares the work over the l...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
Bangladesh significantly reduced under-5 mortality (U5M) between 2000 and 2015, despite its low economic development and projected high mortality rates in children aged under 5 years. A portion of this success...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
The Exemplars in Under-5 Mortality (U5M) was a multiple cases study of how six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal, Peru, Rwanda, and Senegal, implemented health system-delive...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
Between 2000–2015, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) implemented evidence-based interventions (EBIs) known to reduce under-5 mortality (U5M). Even among LMICs successful in reducing U5M, this drop ...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
If you want to run faster, don’t just buy a new pair of shoes; also consider your training methods and where you run.
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
Over the last eight decades, many evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been developed to reduce amenable under-5 mortality (U5M). Implementation research can help reduce the lag between discovery and deliv...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
A thorough examination of context, and how it influences implementation of evidence-based interventions, is a promising strategy for enhancing child survival initiatives. Spreading approaches that are identifi...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
The Ethiopian government implemented a national community health program, the Health Extension Program (HEP), to provide community-based health services to address persisting access-related barriers to care us...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
Health policymakers aiming to reduce under-5 mortality (U5M) often lack data regarding how successful interventions in other countries were implemented. The Exemplars in U5M Study identified countries that ach...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
Health system-delivered evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are important to reducing amenable under-5 mortality (U5M). Implementation research (IR) can reduce knowledge gaps and decrease lags between new know...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
In Germany, various preventive services are offered to children and adolescents. These include regular standardized examinations (so called U/J examinations) and several vaccinations. Although strongly recomme...
Globally, 257 million people have chronic hepatitis. Even though a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine against HBV infection has been available, it causes significant morbidity and mortality. HBV vaccines ...
Neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) may present with fatal complications and permanent serious consequences. Vitamin status may influence fetal development. In this study we assessed vitamin A...
To investigate the clinical characteristics of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) complicated by intestinal perforation and predict the incidence of intestinal perforation in NEC.
Neonatal asphyxia is one of preventable causes of neonatal mortality throughout the world. It could be improved by early detection and control of the underlying causes. However, there was lack of evidence on i...
The assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness is important because it allows the identification of subgroups with poor health status and the targeting of effective intervention strategies to improve health.
Using Zonulin and Copeptin as potential obesity markers in children, hasn’t yet been focused.
Japanese Kawasaki disease (KD) risk scores cannot be adopted in non-Japanese patients. In North American populations a baseline coronary artery Z-score > 2 and the Son score are associated with coronary artery...
Hemangiomas, also called infantile hemangiomas (IH) or hemangiomas of infancy are the most frequently seen benign vascular tumors of infancy. Different types of hemangiomas are described in the literature. The...
The early identification of infants with a risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the first few years of life is essential for better developmental outcomes. Screenings should be carried out by combining the...
To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-assisted training on lower limb motor function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP).
Poisoning among children and adolescents is a public health problem worldwide. To take preventive measures, the pattern of this problem should be determined. This study aimed to describe the demographic charac...
A substantial number of children in the world are regularly subjected to physical punishment by their parents as a method of upbringing. Evidence suggests that it has negative effects on the development of bra...
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a monogenic disorder leading to special facial features, mental retardation, and multiple system malformations. Lysine demethylase 6A, (KDM6A, MIM*300128) is the pathogenic gene of Kabuki ...
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the commonest glomerular disease among children. It is characterized by heavy proteinuria and is a risk factor for hypothyroidism in the affected children. Hypothyroidism is of conce...
The objective of this study was to assess the likelihood of acute appendicitis (AA) in children presenting with abdominal symptoms at the emergency department (ED), based on their prior primary care (PC) consu...
This study aims to translate the Pectus Excavatum Evaluation Questionnaire(PEEQ) into Chinese, and to comprehensively assess subjective outcomes in quality of life of children with pectus excavatum.
To investigate the association between sex and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).
Trachoma is the most prevalent eye disease in Ethiopia, especially among children aged 1–9 years and continues to be a public health concern. Nevertheless, in Ethiopia’s rural Jamma district in South Wollo Zon...
Diet may contribute to better asthma control in children by impacting the immune and inflammatory pathophysiology. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate differences in nutrient intake, Children’s Dietary ...
Scurvy is an uncommon disease in developed countries caused by deficiency of vitamin C. We present a case of scurvy in a 14-year-old male with autism with both novel presentation and imaging findings. This cas...
Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea.
Trichobezoar is an extremely rare condition characterized by a foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) among children. The foreign body may exist in the digestive tract for several years, and it becom...
There is an unmet need for phototherapy treatment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to prevent disability and death of newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Home phototherapy deployed by communi...
Health risk behaviors often emerge or intensify during adolescence and tend to co-occur, exposing individuals to an even greater risk for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The likelihood of ...
Hereditary hypophosphatemia rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by reduced renal phosphate reabsorption leading to hypophosphataemia, rickets and bone pain. ...
Developmental delays in children are assessed in four basic domains: gross motor, fine motor, social, and language. Early years of life are crucial in a child’s development, so it is imperative that parents be...
This study investigated the clinical, imaging, and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) with nervous system damage as the primary manifestation.
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disease often associated with bone problems, mainly scoliosis and hip dysplasia (HD). This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of orthopedic deform...
Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe neonatal disease with progressive intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. Characterization of gut microbiome profiles in infants with biliary atr...
Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are hereditary disorders characterized by impaired T and B cell function, resulting in significant immune system dysfunction. Recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutatio...
Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. As this food allergy indicates a wide range of clinical syndromes due to immunological reactions to cow’s milk proteins, we aimed to evaluat...
Neonatal jaundice is a condition caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Laboratory determination of serum bilirubin concentration by total serum bilirubin (TSB) test is still considered as ...
Birth asphyxia is the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Some studies indicate intimate partner violence during pregnancy is a risk factor for birth asphyxia. In Ethiopia, intimate partn...
Infantile hemangioma is one of the most common benign soft tissue tumors in infants. The pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma remains unclear and twin studies regarding its incidence may help clarify disease p...
Due to medical procedures, preterm infants are at high risk for side effects of pain. In this regard, heel lancing for capillary blood sampling is a common painful procedure. The present study was conducted to...
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